Aristotelian Perspectives on Social Ethics Essay -- Philosophy Medicin

Aristotelian Perspectives on Social Ethics I analyze the philosophical points of view of Aristotle on issues of clinical morals and on his social morals when all is said in done, including the ethical issues of fetus removal, willful extermination, and different issues of social morals, for example, the issue of cloning. I have picked the space of applied morals as saw from the Aristotelian perspective exactly on the grounds that specific issues have been for all intents and purposes unexamined by researchers. I will focus on specific treatises of the Aristotelian corpus, for example, On the History of Animals, On the Generation of Animals, On the Soul, The Nicomachean Ethics and The Politics. My principle objective is to give an increasingly methodical record of the Aristotelian points of view on the above dubious issues and to build up the Stagirite’s fundamental way to deal with social morals. Hence, issues like the thought of personhood, his mentality towards death, and his hypothesis of the will and moral direct o f an ethical resident specialist will be analyzed. All through this examination, the nearby interrelation among reasoning and medication, both in ancient times and in current occasions, will likewise turn out to be increasingly clear. I. Premature birth Concerning the issue of premature birth Aristotle's perspectives are not considered as clear or steady all through. We will look at the applicable sections from both the natural and mental treatises regarding other of his contemporary †or not †clinical discoveries. In our endeavor to set up his fundamental methodology, we will likewise unfurl his perspectives on the more present day thoughts of personhood as they are analyzed in his moral and political works. As indicated by the Hippocratic promise, premature birth is taboo as ethically baseless. A doctor isn't to enable a lady to prematurely end he... ...Fye, Bruce W (1978): Dynamic Euthanasia: A Historical study of its theoretical beginnings and prologue to clinical idea, Bulletin of the History of Medicine 52, 492-502. Gracia, Diego (1978): The structure of clinical information in Aristotle's way of thinking, Sudhoff Archiv 62 (No.1), 1-36. Hartman, Edwin (1977): Aristotelian Investigation: Substance, Body and Soul, U.S.A.:Princeton University Press. Jaeger, Werner (1957): Aristotle's utilization of medication as a model of Method in his Ethics, Journal of the History of Science 77, 54-61. Kudlien, Fridolf (1970): Clinical Ethics and Popular Ethics in Greece and Rome, Clio Medica 5, 91-121. Veach, Robert M (1978): Codes of Medical Ethics: Ethical Analysis, Encyclopedia of Bioethics 4, 172-9. Westermack, Edward A (1906-8): The inceptions and advancement of the Moral Ideas, 2 vols., London: MacMillan and Co.

Thanksgiving Holiday Schedule and Post Roundup COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Thanksgiving Holiday Schedule and Post Roundup COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In observance of the U.S. Thanksgiving holiday, the Office of Admissions and Financial Aid will be closed starting tomorrow, November 21, at 2pm ET, and will be closed Thursday and Friday. Well reopen as usual on Monday, November 26. While were out, well leave you with some resources to help you out with your application. Heres a roundup of the most popular blog posts from the last few days: How NOT to write your personal statement   The essay topics will change but the advice wont. Advice highlight: There’s nothing that upsets people more than when someone asks a question they could’ve easily found the answer to with a 30-second Google search. Heres a few Dos and Donts on Your SIPA Application   Some good overall pointers as you go along preparing for applications. Advice highlight: We understand that most applicants are also applying to other graduate programs in addition to SIPA, however, it is important applicants are diligent and address their essay to the correct school. The last thing that you want to happen is to submit a very generic essay and then address it to the wrong school. Whats in an App: admissions video essay   Remember, the video essay will be available to you after you finish the rest of the application and pay the application fee.  Advice highlight: This isn’t the be-all-end-all deciding factor for your admissions decision. This component provides the Admissions Committee a sense of who you are in person as well as your thought process and how you respond to questions. Preparation for grad school app Past student (and now alum!) Nancy Leeds shares advice she wished shed received when going through the process that youre going through now. Advice highlight: Visit the campus.  Trying to distinguish between schools from their websites and viewbooks is kind of like online dating you won’t get a real feel for them until you meet them in person. We hope you all have a chance to share a meal with your loved ones this week, be it family or friends. Happy Thanksgiving!

Campylobacter Jejuni - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1647 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Campylobacter Jejuni Campylobacter jejuni is one of a family of bacteria known as Campylobacteriaceae that collectively are responsible for a significant number of reported cases of gastroenteritis in the UK. Gastrointestinal infection with Campylobacter spp. can produce significant long term sequelae, such as reactive arthritis and the neurological condition Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Campylobacter Jejuni" essay for you Create order This report will give a brief overview of campylobacter jejuni with regard to its microbiology, and the identification and management of campylobacter infection. Campylobacters were recognised as a cause of human illness in the 1970s, but were probably first identified in humans by Escherich in 1886, who identified spiral shaped bacteria of the colons of children who had died from a condition he called cholera infantum (Escherisch 1886). Veterinary research at the beginning of the twentieth century identified similar bacteria in livestock, and the bacteria (termed at the time vibrio or spirillium) was implicated in a number of reported cases in both animals and humans throughout the mid-twentieth century (Butzler 2004). The key breakthrough was reported in 1972, when Dekeyser and Butzler were able to isolate the bacteria now known as campylobacter jejuni from the stool of an infected patient (Dekeyser 1972). Campylobacter spp. are classified as part of rRNA superfamily VI, a cl assification of bacteria that also includes Helicobacter and Arcobacter (Vandamme 1991). Campylobacters, and other members of the classification, are small, gram-negative bacteria that are specially adapted to colonise the surface of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract. This is reflected in the morphology of the bacteria, which has a spiral-shaped body with long unsheathed flagella at each tip. Consequently, Campylobacter are highly motile, and are able to tunnel through the mucous layer and colonise the membrane below, which is a key ability as they are highly susceptible to acidity. They are partially anaerobic, alongside other members of the classification, and undergo transformation to coccoid forms when exposed to adverse conditions (Moran 1987). Presently, 18 subspecies of Campylobacter have been identified and 11 of these are thought to be pathogenic in humans. By far the most common are campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli; together, these bacteria are a leadi ng cause of diarrhoeal illness. Principal risk factors for infection with campylobacter jejuni include the consumption of undercooked meat, especially poultry, inadequately pasteurised milk, contaminated water and pets with diarrhoea (Gillespie 2008). There may be human-human transmission via the faeco-oral route if personal hygiene is unsatisfactory (Wilson 2008). There is an incubation period of around 3 days, though this can range from 1-7 days. There is occasionally a prodromal illness of fever, myalgia and headache lasting around 24 hours, and patients who present with the prodromal illness often have a more severe infection than those presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms (Minton 2004). The principal illness is characterised by colicky, periumbical abdominal pain, pyrexia (the fever may be as high as 40à ¢? °C) and profuse diarrhoea, often with up to 10 bowel movements each day. The stool may be watery initially, and blood may appear in the stool as the infection progresses. Around 25% of patients will experiences tenesmus (Minton 2004). Symptoms of diarrhoea generally last for up to 7 days, and abdominal pain may persist a little longer. The illness is generally self-limiting, though the prognosis can be worse in the very young, the elderly, those with comorbid condition and the immunocompromised (Nelson 2004). It is not possible to differentiate campylobacter infection from other causes of infective gastroenteritis based on history and examination findings alone (Buss 2015). Therefore, detection of campylobacter in a stool sample is the mainstay of diagnosis, though a negative sample cannot exclude the presence of campylobacter. Samples are rarely positive after two weeks. Stool samples should always be collected in patients presenting with these symptoms, as infection with campylobacter is a notifiable disease in England and Wales (NICE 2014). In a generally fit and well adult, the main risk of acute diarrhoea of any cause, inclu ding campylobacter, is dehydration. Therefore, maintaining adequate hydration is the cornerstone of treatment. This can generally be achieved by increasing oral fluid intake, but in vulnerable patients intravenous hydration may be indicated. Rehydration may be encouraged with the administration of Racecadotril. Racecadotril is an intestinal antisecretory enkephalinase inhibitor that inhibits the breakdown of endogenous enkephalins, reducing the hypersecretion of water and electrolytes into the intestine (NICE 2013). Racecadotril is licensed in the United Kingdom for the complimentary treatment of acute diarrhoea in patients aged greater than 3 months, together with oral rehydration. Though the symptoms of campylobacter infection are unpleasant and inconvenient, there is generally no indication for antimotility medications. In fact, unless the diagnosis is confirmed via the laboratory, these medications are contraindicated as toxic megacolon has been reported as an adverse effect of antimotility medications in patients with pseudomembranous colitis and inflammatory bowel disease (Minton 2004). Given the short duration and self-limiting nature of the condition, antibiotic therapy is generally not recommended. A Swedish meta-analysis of eleven randomised control trials reported that, versus placebo, antimicrobial therapy reduced the duration of intestinal symptoms by only 1.3 days (95% CI 0.6-2.0 days) (Ternhag 2007). A further review by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) reported that antibiotic treatment with erythromycin cleared the bacteria from stool samples rapidly, but had no effect on the course of the disease (NICE 2009). Problems exist with antibiotic-resistant species of campylobacter, largely due to antibiotic use in animals (Gallay 2007; Lehtopolko 2010). However, antibiotic therapy should be considered for patients with severe disease or at risk of severe disease. Patients with severe disease include individuals wit h bloody stools, high fever, extra intestinal infection, worsening or relapsing symptoms, or symptoms lasting longer than one week (Ruiz-Palacios 2007). Patients classified as at risk of severe disease include the immunocompromised, the elderly and pregnant women. NICE supports this, suggesting that antibiotic therapy may be indicated if any of the following occur (NICE 2014): High fever Bloody diarrhoea More than eight stools daily Worsening clinical condition Illness for over a week Pregnancy Immunocompromise Should an antibiotic be required, azithromycin and erythromycin are the most effective agents against campylobacter in the UK, with a single 30mg/kg dose of azithromycin early in the disease proving just as effective as a 5 day course of erythromycin (Vukelic 2010). The British National Formulary recommends a combination therapy of clarithromycin with ciprofloxacin as an alternative. There are a number of complications of campylobacter infection. Acute bacterial gastroenteritis has been linked with the onset of irritable bowel syndrome in around 15% of cases à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is termed post-infective IBS (Smith 2007). Further complications include Reiters Syndrome (a form of reactive arthritis characterised by urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis), and the neurological condition Guillain-Barre Syndrome. In summary, campylobacter jejuni is a gram negative, spiral shaped bacteria that colonises the mucous membranes of the gut. This colonisation produces a self-limitin g illness characterised by fever, cramping abdominal pains and diarrhoea. Infection is diagnosed via detection of the bacteria in a sample of faeces. The mainstay of treatment is rehydration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" antibiotics are rarely indicated. References Buss S, Leber A, Chapin K, Fey P, Bankowski M, Jones M, Rogatcheva M, Kanack K, Bourzac K. (2015). Multicenter Evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panel for Etiologic Diagnosis of Infectious Gastroenteritis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 53(3) Butzler J-P 2004 Campylobacter, from obscurity to celebrity. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 10(10) Dekeyser, P, Gossuin-Detrain, M, Butzler, JP, and Sternon, J. 1972 Acute enteritis due to a related vibrio: first positive stool cultures. Journal of Infectious Diseases 125 Escherich, T. 1886 Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Darmbacterien. III. Ueber das Vorkommen von Vibrionen im Darmcanal und den Stuhlgangen der Sauglinge. (Articles adding to the knowledge of intestinal bacteria. III. On the existence of vibrios in the intestines and feces of babies.). MÃÆ' ¼nchener Med Wochenschrift. 33 Gallay A, Prouzet-MaulÃÆ' ©on V, Kempf I, Lehours P, Labadi L, Camou C, Denis M, de Valk H, Desenclos JC, MÃÆ' ©grau d F. 2007 Campylobacter antimicrobial drug resistance among humans, broiler chickens, and pigs, France. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13(2) Gillespie L, OBrien S, Penman C, Tomkins D, Cowden J, Humphrey T. 2008 Demographic determinants for Campylobacter infection in England and Wales: implications for future epidemiological studies. Epidemiology and Infection 136(12) Lehtopolku M, Nakari UM, Kotilainen P, Huovinen P, Siitonen A, Hakanen AJ. 2010 Antimicrobial susceptibilities of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains: in vitro activities of 20 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54(3) Minton J, Stanley P. 2004 Intra-Abdominal Infections. Clinical Medicine 4(6) Moran AP, Upton ME 1987 Factors affecting production of coccoid forms by Campylobacter jejuni on solid media during incubation. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 62(6) Nelson JM, Smith KE, Vugia DJ, Rabatsky-Ehr T, Segler SD, Kassenborg HD, Zansky SM, Joyce K, Marano N, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ. 2004 Prolonged diarrhea due to ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 190(6) NICE. (2013). Acute diarrhoea in children: racecadotril as an adjunct to oral rehydration. Available: https://www.nice.org.uk/advice/esnm12. Last accessed March 23rd 2015. NICE. (2009). CG84 Diarrhoea and vomiting in children: Diarrhoea and vomiting caused by gastroenteritis: diagnosis, assessment and management in children younger than 5 years. Available: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg84. Last accessed March 23rd 2015. NICE. (2014). Gastroenteritis. Available: https://cks.nice.org.uk/gastroenteritis. Last accessed March 23rd 2015. Ruiz-Palacios GM 2007. The health burden of Campylobacter infection and the impact of antimicrobial resistance: playing chicken. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44(5) Smith JL, Bayles D. 2007 Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: a long-term consequence of bacterial gastroenteritis. Journal of Food Protection 70(7) Ternhag A, Asikainen T, Giesecke J, Ekdahl K. 2007 A meta-analysis on the effects of antibiotic treatment on duration of symptoms caused by infection with Campylobacter species. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44(5) Vandamme P, Falsen E, Rossau R, Hoste B, Segers P, Tytgat R, De Ley J 1991 Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 41(1) Vukelic D, Trkulja V, Salkovic-Petrisic M. 2010 Single oral dose of azithromycin versus 5 days of oral erythromycin or no antibiotic in treatment of campylobacter enterocolitis in children: a prospective randomized assessor-blind study. Journal of Pedatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 50(4) Wilson D, Gabriel E, Leatherbarrow A, Cheesbrough J, Gee S, Bolton E, Fox A, Fearnhead P, Hart C, Diggle P. 2008 Tracing the Source of Campylobacteriosis. PLoS Genetics 26; 4(9)

Finding the Best Optional Essay Mba Samples

Finding the Best Optional Essay Mba Samples Lies You've Been Told About Optional Essay Mba Samples People are unable to manage two squares of meals daily. Real individuals are reading your program, and we would like to do our very best to understand and appreciate the actual individuals applying to Duke. There's a correct method to inform your story. The title should stick out from the remainder of the text. As you proceed through the procedure, you will understand a more powerful, logical and impactful version emerging. The Bizarre Secret of Optional Essay Mba Samples In an identical purchase form, you're offer your name, email, and contact form. For some, the information included in the resume may appear redundant. Please limit your additional info to the space in this part. Don't neglect to include all the required information. Because the essay is open-ended you may also utilize it to bring any extra information you wished to inform the admissions committee about. Seriously, there are dozens and dozens of applicants and if you don't express your necessity your application will wind up lying with all the rest weak entries. In rare instances, MBA programs do not demand test scores of any applicants. Consult your mentor or admissions consultant, but the next template mig ht enable you to get started. The One Thing to Do for Optional Essay Mba Samples You don't need to lose different applicants only because you neglect to satisfy important deadlines or lack enough time to do your very best. An MBA is a vital part of my career objectives, and as such plays a crucial part in achieving my life objectives. Simply take a GMAT practice test with us under the exact conditions as the actual thing. In the event the rest of the application does a superior job for a candidate, then leave out the optional essay, explains Alex. It isn't an essay that needs to be used, if there is not any reason to utilize it. A standard result can make a weak supplemental essay. You may be thinking that everything sounds fantastic, and that what sounds best is you don't in fact have to compose the optional essay. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Whether you opt to compose an essay or prepare a presentation, have a step back from the distinctive format and consider the question strategically. When you finish the essay writing procedure, you are going to have crystal clear understanding on what is missing in your application. The only key isn't to use the optional essay only for the interest of using it. Understanding of vital components of succeeding from the very inception will result in the life objectives and plans formation. Simply speaking, it's simple to observe how commitment to an idea provides an extensive collection of possibilities to showcase various elements of your candidacy. Don't just lob in a wonderful story, since you can. The problem of unemployment isn't a little problem that might be easily uprooted by the society. If you take care of this, you run the chance of harming your general application. While applying, you might experience that the application procedure can be taxing. Many people losses their employment as a result of this reason. On the reverse side, if you're able to answer the question in four sentences, you can want to put a bit more thought into it. If it is possible to clarify and offer the required context in merely a few sentences, do that. If you just need a couple of sentences to receive your point across, then do so. The sentences should be short, unambiguous and offer the reader with a transparent comprehension of any upcoming action to take. Ok, I Think I Understand Optional Essay Mba Samples, Now Tell Me About Optional Essay Mba Samples! Please resist the need to include things like an essay you already wrote for another school. The optional essay may also demonstra te that you're seriously interested in attending a specific law school. Like a good deal of other small business schools, Babson gives you the chance to submit an optional essay, in other words, an essay as well as the three required. Simply state which you were not mature enough to concentrate on academics early in college and supply an illustration of how you're now ready for rigorous academic work.

Why Napoleon Is Bad Free Essays

Hello comrades, today right this second, I am supporting Snowball because he is not a thieving liar, a pig of trust and a pig with honor. He is the real pig behind the farm; not Napoleon. He has saved many animals during the Battle of Cowshed and he too shed blood. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Napoleon Is Bad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Napoleon, he is the real liar he has done nothing contributing to the leadership of the society! He is the traitor and not Snowball because he is the one with the ideas and with his heart so bright; brighter than the sun. His heart so pure, the purest even. And we have Napoleon. His heart so dark and evil it almost conceals him and no light can even be seen in his heart. We cannot trust this man of hell. He is the fake leader of this movement, he is not kind, he will never careless about the animals and he will never be pure of heart because he is consumed by the evil within him the greed, the thirst for power, the abuse of power he has acquired. He will have a tongue of lies which god may even curse and a life full of sin ahead of him. I do not encourage the leadership of Napoleon. In stead I would let Snowball a true believer take on the challenge because I feel that he who is pure at heart will be our leader and not a pig with a thirst for too much power. And when either takes over who shall be the one? My guess is simple. Snowball the Great Leader. He is the one who fought bravely for the animals, the one who loves the animals to heart’s content! He is not a coward, not an idiot and down to earth and he deserves your support and he does not deserve Napoleon to backstab him! He is the very best of his league the very best strategist. The animals are not doing this for fun! They are doing it for the sake of their society everything they do is for them and they deserve a leader like Snowball. They deserve better! They deserve the intellectual Snowball he always looked at other ways to solve problems and never failed! He is the chosen one. He is the one who will lead for the future. He is pure. He is not one of those people who would not give a damn if someone was hurt he is caring and he is honest that is the best thing about him. He has chased our beloved Snowball of the farm! EVEN THAT SHOULD BE A SIGN! He is the traitor! He must be subjected to mutiny! Throw him in the pits at the least! He has done nothing for the people but only for his own affairs! They do not accept domination over the animals they are all EQUAL! No one will be unequal! No one shall have more power than others! No animal shall have as much power as the humans because they themselves have seen how power has corrupted the human race! They are against the policy to be unequal are they not? Or are we just slaves to our own kind? It is up to you! But I say HE IS EVIL! Snowball believes in equality does he not? He protected them! Until this tyrant has taken over and put their days of Jones back in action! Napoleon believes in creating fear! And using the animals for himself! He trained the dogs for his own protection not for theirs! The creator of this revolution has blessed Snowball! Old Major himself! Do not forget what they stand for! Do not forget how they must stand for their principles! DO NOT TRUST THE TRAITOR! DO NOT FOLLOW HIS TYRANNICAL JUDGEMENT! He has killed! Is that not against the 7 Commandments? He sleeps in a bed too and influenced the pigs that were not corrupt! He is not to be trusted! Not to be trusted with power of the country! And their leader abuses the power! Snowball would never do that! He would never give into corruption! He was the best, one and only true leader of this movement! Cheers. How to cite Why Napoleon Is Bad, Essay examples

The Soul Descartes And Locke Essays - Philosophy Of Mind

The Soul: Descartes And Locke Out of all the philosophers we have examined in this unit, Ren? Descartes (On Thinking and the Soul) presents the best argument about what a soul and body are. In contrast, I believe that Locke's interpretation of the body, mind, soul and self was my least favorite interpretation. Ren? Descartes believed the soul is a pure, unitary thinking thing that has no weight and occupies no space. The soul, according to Descartes, has clear and distinct ideas of matters that can be conceived of in mathematical terms. The body, according to Descartes, is a material thing that operates mechanically, in accordance of cause and effect. The body moves mechanically through muscles and nerves and generates its own heat. Identity, Descartes believed, comes from the soul. The body acts as a container for the soul and is completely separate from a person's identity. Descartes also believed that thoughts in the soul depend only on the soul and not on the body. Therefore, since the only thing that the sou l can do is think than he must be a soul. Locke believed that Descartes equation of the soul is completely false. Locke noted that if the soul left the body during sleep (Descartes) than it could body hop into other individual. This outcome of Descartes theory is completely absurd to Locke. Locke believed that the identity of a person comes from his/her body. According to Locke, the ?same soul? criterion used by Descartes won't do as an explanation. He believed that same matter could not be used as a criterion for human identity because matter in ones body turns over through the death of old cells and the birth of new ones. I agree with Descartes notion of self-identity because the soul is separate from the body. I believe that ones body is plagued with several particulars such as hair, arms, legs etc. The soul is a universal entity, meaning everyone has one. I disagree with Locke's account of the body as a person's identity because he believed that people could lose consciousness o r memory over parts of their lives. This lost part of someone's life would cause that person to change his/her identity. I believe that if the soul is the thinking agent and if it is universal, than it could not and would not lose consciousness or memory, causing a person to keep his/her original identity. Rather, when consciousness or memory is lost, it is lost due to the imperfections found in a person's material shell, the body I believe, thanks to Descartes, that a person has two separate entities. The first is the body. The body is made up of particulars and other matter that allows it to function like a container. The second entity is the soul. Here, all thinking processes are done, the function of the brain is to separate the sensations throughout the body. Psychology

Historical Dinner Party Completed Essays

Historical Dinner Party Completed Essays Historical Dinner Party Completed Essay Historical Dinner Party Completed Essay said each men to themselves quietly, l like this word. Mums then raised his glass of water in the air and yelled, To my Brose! and each men followed and they all linked their glasses together laughing heartily. This act surely began to break their awkwardness towards each other as they were all comfortable with each other now. After a few more moments of brotherly bonding, it was time to get serious so Rampages II spoke out among the men, My men, enough of this, I say we get down to business and begin our discussion on four of these events listed in this here Events Menu. Each men picked up the menu and began looking over the events from the time period of which they were given, the 1 sass to the present day, 1914. After some browsing, the men voted on their first vent. They chose to discuss the establishment of the Womens Trade Union League (WTLS) in 1903, which advocated for improved wages and working conditions in factories and workplaces for women. Rampages II spoke first. In a shocked tone, he spoke, I am most certainly surprised to find that Women are treated in such a way where they have to fight for their rights! They should already have those rights of which they are fighting for! The women of this country and any other county should be equal to men and should be treated just like men are. They should be treated no more differently than the men of today are. Back in Egypt, the women had just about the same rights that the men did. They were able to manage, own, or even sell their own private property which also included slaves, land, and livestock. I for one certainly approve of this movement and I am willing to join in if could. I demand for the women of this so called great country to have equal rights with men. Each men nodded in approval of Rampages Siss thoughts. My friend, said Mums, I for one completely agree with you. As a Muslim believe that women should in fact be treated better. The working conditions which they face in factories is just plain wrong. I believe that there should be a change in how women are treated in this sockeyes day and age. Our women should be cherished and kep t safe. The working conditions must be improved and they must obtain better wages. Oh how I wish I could help these women by improving the conditions of the factories tenfold with all my money, so they can work in better environments. Ah yes a fellow Muslim, rejoices Shah Johan, Salaam alike, my dear brother of Islam. Wa- alike salaam, brother, replies Mums with a smile. l for one fully agree with you my brother, Mums, continues Shah Johan. You include some very important factors. But if I may add, these women surely should not be fighting for their rights right now, because they should clearly already have them. It is such a pity that women are treated like this. Oh how times have clearly changed. Next up to speak was Castro, who seemed to have a creepy smile on his face. He he, you guys want know how many women lye gotten with over the years? A lot! Shah Johan disgusted replies, Well have you really ever loved a woman so much that you built a large and beautifully structured building to house her grave in? I think not, so shut up and get back on task. You want fight? replies Castro. No, says Shah Johan with a serious face. Thought so, you little punk! says Castro despite being filled with fear. Anyways, agree with Rampages II. Mean women have always been treated like this really its actually no surprise for me, but yeah women really need to be treated better because the way that society is god awful. Not only do they have to work in pips-poor conditions, but at the end of the day, they also have families to go back to. They have their own children to see and take care of, and their husband too. What a disaster it would be if one day a mother goes off to work and leaves her children at school, but would then ever come home because of a fatal injury at the factory leaving her dead, and leaving her children motherless. Oh what a cruel country this is. Also fully support these women for going out of their way and joining the labor force despite it not being much of a socially acceptable act. They really deserve these opportunities to work so they can show that they are just as hardworking and Strong as men. l am truly sorry to say this, began Sin Shih Hang, but I must disagree with each and every one of you fellows. Women clearly should not be working. Why else would there be men? Why should the omen take over the jobs of the men? Do men take over the jobs of women, and take care of the children and stay at home all day? No, dont think so. So why should women be able to do the jobs of men? Women are not fit to have the same jobs as men. They should definitely not be working. They should stay at home and take care of the children and cook food for their family O. End of story. Him, that is an interesting take Sin Shih Hang, replies Continual. l fully respect you for your thoughts, although I still think that the women should indeed have better rights, and should not be treated the way they are. They definitely need better working conditions and better wages because they too have families to take care of. Ah so that is what everyone thinks yes? said Mums. Well great! Each and every one of you did a wonderful job explaining your ideas, and they were area Ill well thought out too! However, now it is time for even more serious business What do you guys want for dinner? Let us take a look at our menus okay? With that, everyone began browsing through the tasty menu options which the restaurant had for dinner. Shah Johan and Mums both being of Islamic faith ordered a unique and ravishing hall dinner. Rampages II ordered a traditional Egyptian feast. Sin Shih Hang too ordered a traditional feast. However, both Continual and Castro ordered more modern and tasty dinners. Now that everyone has decided what they are going to have for dinner, we shall discuss another event while waiting for our unique and exquisite dinners. Let us pick! exclaimed Mums. After some deciding the six figures decided on discussing the new era of transportation which has begun on September 1st, 1897 with the first underground public transportation in North America, known as the subway, being opened in Boston, Massachusetts 1 . Rampages II was the first to speak again. I must say this new feat of transportation is truly magnificent. Oh how I wish had one of these back in Egypt. Rely would have been the most powerful person alive at that time. With this faster and more efficient way of transportation, it will surely be easier to travel to foreign regions and conquer them much quicker. This subway will also help travel to new lands much faster too. Yes, began Sin Shih Hang, not only will it help conquer lands much quicker, but it will also help unify countries much quicker by being able to travel to the other cities and/or towns much more rapidly. Oh how I wish these were around in my time so could have unified China much quicker than did. With the extra time would have saved from unifying quicker, I could have thought of ways to better my country even more! Marvelous! exclaims Mums, this is subway looks wonderful to have. Wish to buy on immediately with my wealth. Im sure it wont cost much as I am, in fact, the worlds richest man. This fine mode of transportation would have also been useful for when went on my wonderful pilgrimage with gold and resources and people so I could have gotten there much faster and easier! Yes subways will be very essential to everyones needs, says Shah Johan. l agree very much with what you guys say Rampages II and Sin Shih Hang. The subway would be very essential in conquering foreign lands, and in unifying countries together at a much more efficient rate. Also, it will become one of the best ways to transport goods and the like no doubt! People from all over the country will be able to have new and better resources with the subways bringing in all kinds of things from different parts of the country! They will surely cut travel time by more than half as well! What new places we would be able to explore! Yes I see where everyone is going with this, states Continual. The subway will very much improve transportation overall. People would be able to visit their family and friends all over the country at a much faster rate. Also not only that, but travel prices will surely be low as well so that even normal families and people can visit their loved ones possibly across the whole country for just a reasonable amount of money! This invention sure was revolutionary, states Castro as he was the only one among the five other figures who has ever rode on a subway. The subways really helped get people from one point to another such more efficiently than cars and buses ever did. The people loved the subways. They rode on them every day. People would often use them to go to work, and others used them to go to parks and schools and other places as well. It surely decreased normal travel time by car and bus by a lot. Everyone loved the subways. claimed Castro. So it seems that everyone agrees on the creation of the subway being a wonderful new invention, how splendid! But know something thats even more splendid! Ou r dinner is here! Let us all chow down on our magnificent dinners before continuing further with our lightly discussion. So as the historical figures ate away at their delicious dinners, they cracked some more jokes and bonded together even more. Ah that was quite the feast we had, said Sin Shih Hang with a stuffed tummy. l have never in my life tasted something as amazing as my dinner! Everyone else with stuffed tummies nodded as best they could, and with that Sin Shih Hang let out a huge burp, to which everyone laughed at, and to show their appreciation for his burp, they all let out even louder burps. My friends, started Continual, l believe it is time for us to pick our third event to issues. With that the friends picked up the Events Menu and began browsing for another event once again. This time the group decided to discuss the event which occurred on December 1 20th, 1898 which marked the end of the Spanish-American war which began on April 25, 1898. The Treaty of Paris was signed to end the war, and as a result, Spain had to reluctantly hand over their control over Cuba, Puerco Rice, the Philippines Islands, Guam, and other islands to the United States 213. Renames II began the discussion by stating, I believe this war was necessary because in order to solve spites and problems, we must go to war, and of course the winner will get what they Want. Here we can tell that the countries which Spain had control over wanted freedom and independence so in order for them to gain that independence, they had to go to war and fight for it, or else they would never achieve their goal. Yes countries should indeed take initiative and fight for their freedom to get what they desire. It is their only hope in getting what they want. However, they should really learn how to be more unified. If a country is not unified, then they will surely fall out of their power and they will rumble along with their cities. I understand what you guys are saying however, I must intervene and say that I disagree with you. War is not always the answer, pleads Mums. There are plenty of other routes which you can take to achieve your goal. With war comes the deaths of hundreds or thousands or even millions. This is not a pretty sight. Countries need to find better ways to settle disputes rather than risking innocent peoples lives. The lives of mothers and their c hildren and the elderly and brave men shouldnt be a cost of war. War will only ever bring violence amongst the nations peoples. It just isnt right. I hear you my fellow brother, begins Shah Johan. Most of what you are saying I must agree upon, however, sometimes it is better to go to war than do nothing at all and let your people die of hunger and let them be destroyed by the other nation attacking you. Sometimes when there is no other option, must you go to war. In the long run, though some lives will be lost, but once you win, it will benefit you by guaranteeing you that your people will survive and they will carry on remembering you and what you did for them, and what you did for the future of the nation, lectured Shah Johan. Personally was not happy with the outcomes of the war, exclaims Continual with deep hatred. My people and believed ourselves to be free, however, then everything changed when the United States attacked. The United States decided to buy my beloved country and take control of it. We were so close to our freedom but then it was all taken away. My people and I had to fight for our freedom once again. I was even captured by the Americans which ended up cutting my presidency short. It was a tough battle all of it, but now were just lucky to have our freedom and independence at last, sighs Continual in relief. My god, replies Mums in disbelief, you my friend have clearly had it rough. May Allah grant you and your people With long lasting independence and peace. You deserve it brother. Thank you very much Mums! Yes! exclaimed Castro, You see? Gondolas fight for freedom just proves that in order for countries to get what they want, they must obviously fight for it and strive towards their goal. You have to do what is best for your country no matter the costs at stake. You must make some sacrifices to achieve the best, and sometimes those sacrifices are drastic but you just goat do what you goat do. Him good, everyone had such great things to say to contribute to the discussion, said Mums with joy, you all did great explaining your thoughts, but you want know whats even more great? DESSERT YEAH!!! screamed Mums. WAHOO!!! they all screamed and cheered in excitement. Let us order Our desserts my friends! rejoiced Mums. WASSAILS! they all screamed again. The six historical figures who wer e thought to be wise old men, turned out to be little kids when it came to dessert. They all ordered the best ice cream money could buy them and if they did not have any money, Mums told them that he loud spot them. At first not knowing what ice cream was, Rampages Mums, Shah Johan, and Sin Shih Hang were going to order their traditional desserts, but then Castro and Continual informed them of the most wonderful delicacy known to man, ice cream. At first reluctant to try, the two persuaded the other four to try something new for once, and after some persuading they agreed. Now that we have ordered our desserts, let us choose our next and last event to discuss! exclaimed Castro. After a while the friends chose to discuss the presentation of the physicist Max Planck to the German Physical Society about his Quantum Theory, which is basically the theoretical basis of modern physics that analyzes the nature and behavior of matter and energy on both the atomic and subatomic level 15. Quick to respond, Rampages II awfully brain-hurt questioned, In all my life I have never heard of such gibberish before, however, despite not knowing what this means, it sounds pretty impressive. Applaud Planck for this great discovery of his, and surely his hard work had not gone to waste with this theory of his. Believe that education can enable one to go further on in what they believe. It will help them greatly with their lives, and help them achieve great things. said Rampages II. Yes education is very powerful, begins Sin Shih Hang, it can really help a person reach very great feats, such as this Planck person. We can see how much thought he has put into his research to come up with such a theory. With education, it can drive people to do great things. They will be able to do things no person has ever been able to do before, says Sin Shih Hang. Having knowledge and an education are one of the greatest things an individual can have, states Mums. With just a small drop of knowledge, one an achieve wondrous things in their lives. Everyone should have such an opportunity to learn and gain knowledge, it will benefit them in so many ways, in which they have never seen or heard of. This is why during my pilgrimage to Hajj, helped pay for and build many libraries, universities, and mosques so that the people in those regions could suck in the knowledge which they would gain from the universities 6. I only hope that they put their knowledge to the test and utilize it to help the people all around them, preached Mums. L totally agree with you my brother, said Shah Johan. What you say, Mums, is very true. It is truly a blessing to be able to obtain an education, and use it to help the world around you. People should have the right to gain knowledge no matter what. Planck is clearly very lucky to receive such an education in the field of science that he was able to come up with such a marvelous theory. What an amazing man he is. Yes education is very important as all of you have stated, said Continual. Without an education one will be held back from being able to accomplish great things in their lives. They wont have the chance to actually do something with their lives and actually make something of it as well. Mums, you speak wise words, my friend, stated Castro, everyone should be able to have an education no matter what. Education is important for each and every individual to have. It will help them succeed greatly in life 7. Having knowledge will help strengthen the mind and body to do great things. As we can see, Planck was able to come up with this theory due to his great mind being able to do conjure up such an elaborate discovery. I say we raise our glasses up to education and applaud this Planck fellow! Huzzah! yelled Castro. To education! they all yelled in unison. So I see that we can all agree upon the act that knowledge is power, and education is great, but the greatest thing Of all is ICE CREAM WHICH IS ON ITS WAY TOWARDS US!!! exclaimed Mums in excitement. YEASTS! the men yelled together. As soon as each and every one of the men got their plate affine ice cream, they quickly devoured it in a heartbeat and demanded for more. The men went at the ice cream again and again. They had ever tasted such a delicacy before. It was so good, that the men began to form tears of joy, but they didnt care, they were eating the best ice cream known to man. My men, now that have dined on the most amazing dinner and dessert ever, and we have finished discussing the events from the time period of the sass to the present day, 1914, I know of one more surprise in store, waiting for us, said Continual. As you all know, today is New Years Eve and lucky for us we are sitting in the right spot to witness the spectacular event which will occur in just a mere 10 minutes. You guys know what it is? What is it? The men all questioned. The ball drop in Times Square, my friends, Continual said with a smirk on his face. Come, let us go to the roof of this large building and witness the magnificent glory of the ball rope in Times Square, we have 9 minutes left, my friends. With that the group of friends went up to the roof of the building along with a whole lot more ice cream, and they chatted and cracked jokes and had fun al l while waiting for the ball to drop. Once it dropped, each men stared in awe at the beautiful and majestic flurry of confetti flying all over the sky. They all hugged each other and cried like men should and rejoiced very loudly. They were screaming at the top of their manly lungs, hoping to make the moments last until they each had to leave one-by-one sooner or later. Whilst yelling, the en began to notice that they were all vanishing and disappearing. Quickly as to not let any more time be wasted, the strong and powerful men each said there last farewell to each other. These farewells were also met with lots and lots of manly tears. Until next time. They said to one another as they felt themselves disappearing.